In this paper the term “power line” includes masts (also known as “towers” or “utility poles”), insulators and cables (wire conductors) but does not include linear clearings (also known as “utility corridors” or “easements”) cut where power lines pass through dense vegetation. In this paper we argue 1) that dark-adapted eyes of reindeer–caribou ( Rangifer tarandus hereafter, “ Rangifer”) can detect light emitted by corona discharges on high-voltage power lines, which is barely visible to humans and 2) that threshold distances of detection are in the order of hundreds of meters. Ultraviolet (UV) light, which is detected by a range of large, nonprimate mammals (Douglas and Jeffery 2014), is a potential example. 2014) arise, for instance, where anthropogenic stimuli to which species respond fall outside the human sensory range and are, therefore, liable to be overlooked because of divergence in the sensory abilities of animals and man. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.Īssessing the impact of human development on animals in natural habitat is complicated by the fact that overt effects may have covert causes. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. We suggest that spatial and temporal variability of corona contributes to substantial variation observed in the strength and persistence of avoidance responses in Rangifer at these structures. Both features are likely to increase wariness and cause animals to withdraw from the source of the stimulus. Displays of corona may catch the animals' attention, and plume coronas, in particular, may induce the illusion of motion (the phi phenomenon), thereby falsely signaling the presence of potential predators. Threshold distances of detection of corona by Rangifer are in the order of hundreds of meters. Seasonal transformation of the tapetum lucidum substantially increases retinal sensitivity in this species in winter. Retinal irradiance under full dilation is in the order of 7 times greater in Rangifer compared with humans. Rangifer has UV-permissive ocular media that transmit approximately 15 times more corona light than human eyes. Based on this, we suggest that the superior ability of Rangifer to detect corona UV light may partly account for the tendency of the animals to avoid power lines. We review evidence that dark-adapted eyes of reindeer–caribou Rangifer tarandus can detect light at 330–410 nm emitted by electrical corona on high-voltage power lines, which is necessarily barely visible to humans. ![]() Ultraviolet (UV) light, which is detected by a range of nonprimate mammals, is a potential example. 2014) can arise where sensory stimuli to which species respond fall outside the human sensory range. Assessing the impact of human development on animals is complicated by the fact that overt effects may have covert causes.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |